Brazil has the largest power system in Latin America. Hydropower accounts for 75% of the 120,000 MW of installed capacity and load growth rates average 6% per year. The development of the smart grid has received growing attention from various institutions of the Brazilian electricity sector.
Recent Public Hearings held by the Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency aimed at presenting proposals for smart grid related regulation, including actions to stimulate demand response. Time-of-use (ToU) tariffs and other mechanisms to incorporate economic signals to the energy tariffs of regulated consumers supplied by distribution companies have just been put in the agenda along with other actions to foster mini and micro distributed generation. These measures may be interpreted as efforts to begin the gradual advance of smart grid enabled demand response programs.
The objective of this presentation is twofold: (i) on a macro level, it first discusses the drivers and roles of smart grids in Brazil, which are different from those observed in other parts of the world. It then discusses how the roadmap for smartgrid implementation is being organized in the country and which different regulatory impact assessments (i.e., cost-benefit studies) are being made; (ii) on a micro level, it provides an assessment of the recent proposals to stimulate demand response, including recent studies to evaluate the impacts of ToU tariffs on the utilities and the coherence between the recent regulatory proposals with the existing regulatory framework.
Luiz Augusto Barroso, has a BSc in math and a PhD in operations research. He is a technical director at PSR, a Brazilian company that provides mathematical models, R&D and consulting services in the energy area worldwide. He has been a visiting researcher at the Institute for Research in Technology (IIT) of University of Comillas, for the past 5 years. He is the current chair of the Electricity Markets Economics SubCommittee of the IEEE Power Systems Operations Committee and an Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Smart Grids.
Autor: Luiz Barroso (PSR, Brazil)
Lugar: Aula de seminarios del IIT

Persona de contacto: Javier García

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Due to the increasing concern for energy efficient storage devices, extensive research is being done on the mechanisms which are involved in the battery degradation process. The electric battery loses capacity with use throughout its lifetime, decreasing the total amount of energy it can store and deliver. As the battery degrades, the internal resistance also increases resulting in a difficult extraction of the stored energy as well as the loss of part of this energy, during charging and discharging, in the form of heat. Optimality in electric vehicle energy management has been traditionally pursued from the perspective of efficient grid operation, but barely considering battery degradation in the process. The objective is to formulate a battery degradation model which will yield the degradation suffered by a battery as a function of its use, allowing both the comparison between different energy management strategies as well as including the model in linear optimization algorithms. A number of Li-ion battery cells experimentally subjected to different depth-of-discharges, currents and temperatures, were studied in order to identify the variables which categorize best, using self-organizing maps, the degradation suffered by the cells. A model is proposed which yields the rate of degradation of the battery as a function of both temperature and depth-of-discharge. This model is then linearized and used in an electric vehicle energy management optimization problem where the degradation suffered by the battery, due to a managed charge, is minimized as a function of the depth-of-discharge and the temperature. The results are compared with other charging methods.
Director: Álvaro Sánchez Miralles
Autor: Ismael J. Fernandez
Lugar: Aula de Seminarios

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